KOMPETENSI PROFESIONAL: LEARNING TASK M5 LA1

LEARNING TASK M5 LA 1

Task 1: Understanding the nature of explanation texts

Explanation Text The Social Function of Explanation Text Explanation text is a kind of text that has social purpose to explain how and why something works or happens.Explanations play a valuable role in building and storing our knowledge. They are a central part of scientific writing and expressing scientific expertise. There are two types of explanations text. ·       The first type explains an occurrence or how something works. For example: “How a kettle boils water”; “How a television works”; “How avalanches occur” etc. ·       The second type explains why things happen. For example: “Why objects expand”; “Why we have a water cycle”, etc. The Text Structures of Explanation Text ·       Title Explanations have a title that prepares and leads the reader into the text. ·       General statement The first paragraph has general statement that introduces or identifies the scientific or technical phenomenon. ·       Sequenced statements The explanation sequence should be made up of a series of happening or actions that are the focus of the explanation text type. The logically sequenced paragraphs explain why or how something happens rather than focusing on an object. Generally, there is no human involved in the process of events in an explanation. ·       Concluding statement An optional concluding statement ca tie up the explanation. ·       Labeled diagrams and flow charts Labeled diagrams and flow chart can be used to clarify information or to add additional information not included in the explanation. In particular, in scientific texts accurate diagrams and illustrations are important to support the text.  Language Features of Explanation Texts ·       Vocabulary: general nouns, technical language, noun groups  ·       Grammar: action verbs, ‘timeless’ present tense, passives, adverbial phrases, causal & temporal connectives.

Explanation Text Quiz 

Based on your viewing and reading, decide whether the following statements about explanation texts are TRUE or FALSE. Put a üin the box provided when you think the statements are TRUE, and a X when you think they are FALSE. 

No	STATEMENTS	TRUE (ü)	FALSE (X)
1	Explanations answer the questions on ‘how’ something works or ‘why’ something happens.	ü
2	An example of natural explanation text would have a title like ‘How ice flowers are formed’.	ü
3	An example of mechanical explanation text would be a short text titled ‘How to prepare pancakes’.		X
4	An explanation text begins with a general statement that introduces the phenomenon to discuss in the text.	ü
5	The first paragraph has a general statement that introduces or identifies the scientific or technical phenomenon.	ü
6	The body of an explanation text consist of a series of sequenced statements about the process explained.	ü
7	‘present tense’ is used to describe actions involved in the process.	ü
8	Connectives such as first, then, after, finally, so, as a consequence are used to show cause and effect relationship in explanations	ü
9	The use of passive voice is optional in explanations.		X
10	Graphic organizers (GO) such as tables, charts and diagrams are commonly used in explanations as decorations.		X

Task 2: Getting the general pictures of explanation texts

Text 2 

Study Text 2 and answer Questions 1-2 that follow.

Answering Questions 1 & 2

No	Questions	Answers
1	What is the author’s purpose? A      To explain a mechanical occurrence B       To explain a technological occurrence C      To explain a natural occurrence D      To explain why something occurs	C.    To explain a natural occurrence
2	Following are natural processes that lead to mountains formation except A      Fold Earth’s crust B       Volcanic eruption C      Fracturing Earth’s crust D      Stretching and expanding mountains	D.    Stretching and expanding mountains

Text 3

Read Text 3 below to answer Questions 3-4. 

Answering Questions 3 & 4

No	Questions	Answers
3	What is the author’s purpose? A      ‘how’ bottles are recycled B       ‘why’ bottles are recycled	A.    ‘how’ bottles are recycled
4	What is the general statement that introduce the purpose of the text? A      New glass bottles are made mainly of silica sand. B       The sand is melted in a furnace, at a very high temperature. C      Recycled glass bottles are made in a very similar way but cost less and use up fewer natural resources.	C.  Recycled glass bottles are made in a very similar way but cost less and use up fewer natural resources

Task 3: Describing actions using the passives

Passive Exercises Exercise 1 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-1.html The Passive: Present Simple     1.        Somebody cleans the office every day The office is cleaned every day.     11.  Somebody loves Julie. Juli is loved.     2.      Somebody sends emails Emails are sent.     12.  Somebody reads a lot of books. A lot of books are read.     3.      Somebody cuts the grass  The grass is cut.     13.  Somebody cooks dinner everyday. Dinner is cooked everyday.     4.      Somebody prefers chocolate Chocolate is preferred.     14.  Somebody delivers milk in the mornings. Milk is delivered in the mornings.     5.      Somebody often steals cars. Cars are often stolen.     15.  Somebody buys flowers for the flat. Flowers are bought for the flat.     6.      Somebody plays loud music. Loud music is played.     16.  Somebody washes the cars every week. The cars are washed every week.     7.      Somebody speaks English here. English is spoken here.     17.  Somebody writes a report every Friday. A report is written every Friday.     8.      Somebody loves the London parks. The London parks are loved.     18.  Somebody fixes the roads. The roads are fixed.     9.      Somebody wants staff. Staff are wanted.     19.  Somebody builds new houses every year. New houses are built every year.     10.  Somebody writes articles. Articles are written.     20.  Somebody sells vegetables in the market. Vegetables are sold in the market. Exercise 2 https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-5.html The Passive: Mixed Tenses     1.      People speak Portuguese in Brazil. Portuguese is spoken in Brazil.     11.  Everybody loves Mr Brown. Mr Brown is loved (by everybody).     2.      The Government is planning a new road near my house. A new road is being planned near my house.     12.  They are building a new stadium near the station. A new stadium is being built near the station.     3.      My grandfather built this house in 1943. This house was built (by my grandfather) in 1943.     13.  The wolf ate the princess. The princess was eaten (by the wolf).     4.      Picasso was painting Guernica at that time. Guernica was being painted (by Picasso) at that time.     14.  At six o’clock someone was telling a story. At six o’clock a story was being told.     5.      The cleaner has cleaned the office. The office has been cleaned.     15.  Somebody has drunk all the milk! All the milk has been drunk!     6.      He had written three books before 1867. Three books had been written before 1867.     16.  I had cleaned all the windows before the storm. All the windows had been cleaned (by me) before the storm.     7.      John will tell you later. You will be told (by John) later.     17.  A workman will repair the computer tomorrow. The computer will be repaired tomorrow.     8.      By this time tomorrow we will have signed the deal. By this time tomorrow the deal will have been signed.     18.  By next year the students will have studied the passive. By next year the passive will have been studied (by the students).     9.      Somebody should do the work. The work should be done.     19.  James might cook dinner. Dinner might be cooked (by James).     10.  The traffic might have delayed Jimmy. Jimmy might have been delayed (by the traffic).     20.  Somebody must have taken my wallet. My wallet must have been taken.

Text 4 

The diagram below shows a simple system that turns dirty water into clean water. Identify the Noun phrase and verb phrase of sentences in the text. Write them in the table provided. The first and second pairs have been located for you.

Identifying the Noun phrase and verb phrase of sentences in the text above

No	Noun Phrase	Verb Phrase
	the drum and barrel	are placed
	These items	are linked
1	the filter	is made
2	a tap	is fixed
3	dirty water	is poured
4	the tap in the drum	is turned
5	clean drinking water	comes out
6	natural materials and basic equipment	can be used

Task 4: Identify stages of a process in explanation texts

Text 5

Look at the picture in the text. Describe stages of the process by matching statements A-G with the number 1-7 in the picture. The first stage has been identified for you.

A.    New bottles are sent to market. B.     Used bottles and jars are collected. C.     Bottles and jars are taken by lorry to the recycling plant. D.    Bottle tops and lids are removed. E.     Crushed glass in melted in a furnace. F.      Glass is crushed into small pieces. G.    Hot liquid glass is molded into new bottles. The best arrangement for the stages of recycling glass bottles 1st stage B. Used bottles and jars are collected 2nd stage C. Bottles and jars are taken by lorry to the recycling plant 3rd stage D. Bottle tops and lids are removed 4th  stage F. Glass is crushed into small pieces. 5th stage E. Crushed glass in melted in a furnace. 6th stage G. Hot liquid glass is molded into new bottles. 7th stage A. New bottles are sent to market.

Recycling Glass Bottles

New glass bottles are made mainly of silica sand.  The sand is melted in a furnace, at a very high temperature.  Recycled glass bottles are made in a very similar way, but cost less and use up fewer natural resources. The process begins when people take their used bottles and jars to a bottle bank.  Next, the bottles and jars are taken by lorry to the recycling plant.  At the plant, bottle tops and lids are removed.  After that, the glass is crushed into small pieces. The crushed glass is then sent by lorry to a bottle factory.  Here, it is mixed with a small amount of silica sand.  It is then melted in a furnace, at a lower temperature than new glass. Finally, the hot liquid glass is drawn out of the furnace and fed into machinery that makes it into glass bottles. Recycled glass is as pure and as strong as new glass. New glasses are sent to the market. Glass can be recycled many times   without losing its quality.